The arc process uses a variety of rods which have different strengths, weaknesses and uses which can impact weld quality. In this way, the plasma is separated from the shielding gas. The electric arc is used to ionise the gas in the torch and create the plasma, which is then pushed through a fine bore hole in the anode to reach the base plate. Similar to TIG, PAWuses an electric arc between a non-consumable electrode and an anode, which are placed within the body of the torch. Non-consumable Electrode Methods Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG)Īlso known as Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to create the arc and an inert shielding gas to protect the weld and molten pool against atmospheric contamination. Similar to flash welding, SW joins a nut or fastener, usually with a flange with nubs that melt to create the join, to another metal piece. Two water-cooled copper shoes follow the process progression and prevent any molten slag from running off. Heat for melting the wire and plate edges is generated through the molten slag's resistance to the passage of the electric current. The flux melts as the wire consumable is fed into the molten pool, which creates a molten slag on top of the pool. ESW relies on an electric arc to start before a flux addition extinguishes the arc. Electro-Slag Welding (ESW)Ī vertical process used to weld thick plates (above 25mm) in a single pass. The flux also helps prevent spatter and sparks while suppressing fumes and ultraviolet radiation. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)Ī frequently-used process with a continuously-fed consumable electrode and a blanket of fusible flux which becomes conductive when molten, providing a current path between the part and the electrode. This process either uses a shielding gas or just the gas created by the flux to provide protection from contamination. Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)Ĭreated as an alternative to SMAW, FCAW uses a continuously fed consumable flux cored electrode and a constant voltage power supply, which provides a constant arc length. Simultaneous melting of the flux coating on the rod will form gas, and slag, which protects the weld pool from the surrounding atmosphere. This is a versatile process ideal for joining ferrous and non-ferrous materials with a range of material thicknesses in all positions. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)Īlso known as manual metal arc welding (MMA or MMAW), flux shielded arc welding or stick welding is a process where the arc is struck between the metal rod (electrode flux coated) and the work piece, both the rod and work piece surface melt to form a weld pool. Consumable Electrode Methods Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG) and Metal Active Gas Welding (MAG)Īlso known as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), uses a shielding gas to protect the base metals from contamination. This process can be categorised into two different types consumable and non-consumable electrode methods. What are the Different Types of Arc Welding? National Structural Integrity Research Centre.Structural Integrity Research Foundation.Gas-shielded flux cored arc welding typically has higher deposition rates and allows for faster travel speeds because not as much slag is produced. Self-shielded flux cored arc welding has a flux powder that is sufficient to shield the weld pool from the atmosphere. Shielding gas is used in conjunction with the flux powder because of this.
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